檔案狀態:    住戶編號:958326
 庭萱 的日記本
快速選單
到我的日記本
看他的最新日記
加入我的收藏
瀏覽我的收藏
兩個虛擬圓 《前一篇 回她的日記本 後一篇》 轉貼分享.有層次的男人
 切換閱讀模式  回應  給他日記貼紙   給他愛的鼓勵  檢舉
篇名: 生命並不一定是直線
作者: 庭萱 日期: 2011.07.16  天氣:  心情:
『不要在別人的眼光裡找快樂,否則永遠悲哀。 不要在別人的嘴巴裡找尊嚴,否則永遠卑微。』
                                                             
◎洪蘭             陽明大學認知神經科學實驗室教授                          
                                                                          
                                                                          
台灣的孩子一般沒有什麼機會玩,我個人覺得這樣的現象很令人擔心。                                                                                     
                                                                          
我在陽明大學醫學院任教,我們有些孩子還沒有準備好,就已經要去當醫師了。                                                                              
                                                                          
他可能有很豐富的醫學知識,可是還未必能面對,診療過程中必須面對的心理壓   
力、道德壓力與生命課題。                                                                                                                        
                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
有一些記者問我,為什麼我覺得我先生(曾志朗)的抗壓性很強,我想主要是因為他 
是在鄉下長大的,                                                                                                                       
                                                                          
我們在美國結婚五年後,我才去他家,去的時候發現,鄉下長大的孩子童年快樂很 
多。                                                                     
                                                                                                                                           
他曾經告訴我,他們常去溪裡面游泳,老師三令五申告誡,他們依然不改,於是老 
師趁他們游泳時把衣服拿走,                                                                                                                   
                                                                          
他們只好在溪水裡等到天黑,拿著芭蕉葉,遮住重點部位,跑回家去,而媽媽當然 
早已拿著棍子 在門口等囉!                                                                                                                       
                                                                          
他拿到博士後,母親當選模範母親,他跟她說:「你怎麼能當模範母親?你在旗山 
鎮拿著棍子追著我跑,每個人都看見了!」                                   
                                                                   
有快樂童年的孩子個性比較開朗,希望我們的教改,可以讓孩子成長得更快樂!   
                                                                       
金絲雀如何學唱新歌                                                       
                                                                                                                                             
我的小孩八歲時回台灣,面對中西文化的異同,求學過程特別曲折。             
                                                                          
起先念嘉義民雄國小,後來因為語言、體罰等因素,適應不良,轉到台北讀北師附 
小。當時我在中正大學教書,由我母親照顧我的小孩。                         
                                                              
我母親的教育觀念是舊式的:先做功課後玩耍。                               
                                                                                                                                                     
小孩一回到家,趕快把功課做完,以便玩耍,我母親一看說:「咦!那麼快就做完 
了?去複習!」                                                                                                                                      
                                                                          
小孩一聽,趕快去複習,正打算出去玩,我母親說:「複習完了,去預習!」                                                                             
                                                                        
當時我母親常說:「現在三年級的功課怎麼那麼多呀?做到十點半還做不完!」                                                                             
                                                                          
後來我才發現,原來我小孩是把功課攤開在桌上慢慢地做,我母親一離開,他就去 
玩,聽到腳步聲,他就趕快回到書桌前!                                                                                                               
                                                                          
我發現這件事時,相當的擔心;由實驗知道,要改變一個壞習慣,需要花上十倍的 
力氣!                                                                                                                                             
                                                                          
金絲雀學會唱一首歌後,若要牠再學新的,牠會乾脆讓神經細胞死掉,第二年再長 
新的。                                                                   
                                                                         
於是我試著說服母親,讓小孩做功課前先玩,結果我母親回答:「業,精於勤,荒 
於嬉!」                                                                 
                                                                        
她的六個女兒都讀北一女、台大,她堅持當新式教育還不知成效如何時,先用傳統 
教法!                                                                                                                                            
                                                                          
還說我小孩晚回國,起步晚,必須要「追上去」,所以安排他每周補習三天,小孩 
叫苦連天!                                                               
                                                                                                                                                  
從「身心症」到愛上學                                                                                                                              
                                                                          
國二上,我的小孩得了「身心症」。                                         
                                                                                                                                                    
早上七點鐘時,他的體溫開始上升,七點半時,燒到三十九度半;                                                                                        
                                                                          
怕他做假,我家有很多溫度計,但是不管哪一支溫度計,量出來都是三十九度     
半,我只好打電話向 老師請假。                                                                                                                
                                                                          
請假後,到了八點半,他準時退燒。                                         
                                                                       
到了上學時間,常常是我 先生抬頭,我抬腳,兩人合力把他拖上汽車,他一路上  
叫:「求求你不要叫我去上學!」                                           
                                                                                                                                               
聽了心中真的很不忍,我們為什麼會讓孩子讀書讀到這樣的痛苦?               
                                                                         
進入美國學校三個禮拜後,「身心症」不藥而癒。他變得很喜歡去上學。         
                                                                     
他們老師早上七點鐘到學校,他想跟老師共進早餐,討論功課,所以早上不到七   
點,就挖我起床送他去上學,而我常是前一天做實驗做到半夜三更。             
                                                                      
他對他的老師,那些肯幫他的老師,有說不出來的感恩和愛戴。                 
                                                                       
我從小學六年級開始集郵,特別珍藏了一些東南亞各國獨立時發行的紀念郵票。   
                                                                                                                                                    
小孩在學校上到有關國家獨立的課程時,向我借那些亞洲國家獨立紀念郵票,當作 
參考資料,帶去學校,結果被老師一誇獎,就把郵票送給老師了。               
                                                                                                                                                     
我說:「不行啊,那是媽媽的珍藏。」我的小孩說:「可是我的老師更喜歡那些郵 
票!」                                                                   
                                                                     
他的老師隔了四年沒有教他,去年在路上遇到,正值總統就職典禮前,孩子回來對 
我說:「老師說他從來沒有參加過就職典禮…」                                
                                                                                                                                                   
我們只有一張貴賓卷,孩子竟然跟我說:「你不要去啦,讓我的老師去!」       
                                                                         
我可以感覺到,老師只 要對孩子有一些用心和付出,孩子就會非常感激,令人非常
感動。                                                                   
                                                                       
教小孩,要從動機下手                                                     
                                                                     
我覺得,我們的課本編得太淺了,我們不能低估孩子的聰明智慧,以為以他這個年 
齡,只能了解某個程度。                                                   
                                                                        
皮亞傑有個實驗:五個彈珠排一排,有上下兩排,將第六顆彈珠加入下一排並將長 
度縮得比上一排小,問小孩哪一排彈珠比較多?                               
                                                                    
結果小孩會說較長的那排較多。事實是-將彈珠換成巧克力後,實驗結果完全改    
觀,兩歲半的小孩都知道要拿下面這一排!                                   
                                                                     
我們在小學二年級時,開始教整數概念,一個當老師的媽媽問小孩:「小於一百的 
最大整數是多少?」                                                       
                                                                        
小孩目瞪口呆,不知道媽媽在講什麼,眼看弟弟要挨揍,哥哥跑過來幫忙:「媽媽 
要給你一個紅包,裡面的錢不得超過一百塊,你要多少?」                     
                                                                          
弟弟立刻說:「九十九!」                                                                                                                            
                                                                          
今天我們的教學不能與生活連在一起,小孩不知你在問什麼,這不代表他笨!     
                                                                      
我先生以前要我兒子學中文,規定回到家裡不能講英文,要講中文。             
                                                                       
於是我的小孩每天 回到家,一腳站在門口就用英文把當天學校發生的事情講一    
遍,講完,進到家,就不講話了。                                           
                                                                         
他其實相當痛恨中文,可見體罰對一個孩子身心殘害之大,他到現在還不肯拿筷   
子,但是很會青蛙跳,可以跳完整個操場!                                   
                                                                
對於孩子,真的要了解他的心理,而且要有方式對待他。                       
                                                                         
我後來讓他願意看中文,完全是從金庸的《書劍恩仇錄》著手,武俠小說嘛!     
                                                                      
講到最精采的地方,我就停下來說:「媽媽要去做實驗了。」他拉著我問,後來   
呢,後來呢,我就叫他自己去看。                                           
                                                                                                                                                 
其實他並不能全看懂,自己用想像力填補了很多地方。                         
                                                                                                                                                  
從了解到關懷到行動                                                       
                                                                      
我的小孩剛轉到美國學校時,上課第一天,老師發了十四本英文書,說是這學期要 
唸的,                                                                   
                                                                          
有哈波李的《梅崗城的故事》、賽珍珠的《大地》、史坦貝克的《人鼠之間》等。                                                                        
                                                                          
這些書都蠻深的,我們的大學生都不一定會讀,何況九年級(相當國二)的孩子? 
                                                                    
我去問老師為什麼選這些書,                                                                                                                   
                                                                          
老師說:「十四歲的小孩,肌力已經足以傷人,如果心智上不夠成熟、缺乏同理心 
的話,很可能做出令自己後悔一輩子的事情!                                 
                                                                    
我們必須在他青春期剛開始時,讓他的思想跟上,藉著這些不同人種受到不同待遇 
的書,教會他們『同理心』是什麼。」                                       
                                                                      
《梅崗城的故事》和《奴隸船》是描述美國南方黑人所受的不平等境遇。         
                                                                 
我的小孩看完了這個故事,一直問我:黑人並沒有比較笨,為什麼會因為他的顏色 
就遭到歧視?                                                             
                                                                     
他們以前在學校裡叫黑人Negro,但看完這些書後,就不再那麼叫了。            
 
《人鼠之間》拿過諾貝爾獎,主角是個智障的孩子。                                                                                                 
                                                                          
當時發生了喜憨兒烘焙屋被人潑餿水的事件,同學們看了書後,主動下山去幫忙喜 
憨兒清洗。                                                                                                                                     
                                                                          
「因了解產生關懷,因關懷產生行動」,我在我小孩身上印證了這一點!                                                                              
                                                                          
「閱讀」是無可取代的                                                     
                                                                
我們的學校應該多提供課外書,因為看得懂的孩子可以從中得到很多的知識,好像 
搭個鷹架,讓他自己走上去一樣。                                           
                                                                   
現在流行的多媒體教學,其實是不能取代閱讀的。                             
                                                                     
我小孩11年級時,老師要他們看《戰爭與和平》,要交報告的!                 
                                                                                                                                                  
但是書太厚,他去租錄影帶來看,看完寫報告交去,卻不知電影結局被導演改     
了。老師發現後,罰他再看一本《飄》。                                     
                                                                      
這次他乖乖地看書寫報告,但是我覺得《飄》改編的電影《亂世佳人》是經典     
作,很值得一看,就租來跟他一起看。                                       
                                                                                                                                                
小孩看了一半,就看不下去,他說郝思嘉是十六歲,怎麼可以由三十歲的費雯麗   
演?                                                                                                                                              
                                                                          
我說豈有此理,《戰爭與和平》的女主角是俄國人,奧黛麗赫本是美國人呢,你怎 
麼就看得下去呢?                                                                                                                        
                                                                          
他說:「因為我是先看電影再看書,不管書中怎麼樣描寫,都是出現奧黛麗赫本的 
形象呀!                                                                 
                                                                          
要是先看書,電影中出現的影像跟我的想像不合,我就看不下去了!」                                                                                  
                                                                          
所以,看書時是自己的想像力,電影是導演的想像力,別人的想像力會阻礙自己發 
揮想像力!                                                               
                                                                        
聽演講,如果你不了解背景知識,聽完後,所得有限;閱讀卻可以依照自己的速   
度,一再反覆。                                                           
                                                                
從實驗結果可看出,閱讀在大腦的神經機制上,電流所顯示的深度是不同的,而且 
影響神經之間的連結密度,                                                                                                                       
                                                                          
我們現在所界定的聰明才智便是指這密度而言。                               
                                                                    
電流是不會中斷的,例如路上看到小學同學,你不記得他的名字,但幾天後,你突 
然坐起來,想到了他的名字。                                                                                                           
                                                                          
電流被激發之後一直走著,連結越密,創造力便越強。                         
                                                                                                                                               
有創造力才有未來                                                         
                                                                
我們的未來,就在下一輩的創造力上,如果我們將腦力封鎖住、沒有創造力,我們 
的未來是沒有希望的。                                                     
                                                                      
北縣某國小有面擋土牆,上面有一到六年級的創作圖案,                       
                                                                                                                                                    
一年級的用個掌印壓下去,順著手指頭的方向畫出一隻漂亮的長尾雞,                                                                              
                                                                          
六年級用彩色的石頭排列成圈圈的幾何狀圖案。                               
                                                                   
我們的孩子,進學校時很有創意,被我們教了六年以後,就變成石頭,這就是一定 
要進行教改的原因。      
標籤:
瀏覽次數:118    人氣指數:8878    累積鼓勵:438
 切換閱讀模式  回應  給他日記貼紙   給他愛的鼓勵 檢舉
給本文愛的鼓勵:  最新愛的鼓勵
兩個虛擬圓 《前一篇 回她的日記本 後一篇》 轉貼分享.有層次的男人
 
住戶回應
 
時間:2011-07-21 18:54
他, 47歲,亞洲其他,行銷
*給你留了一則留言*
  
 
時間:2011-07-21 18:37
她, 56歲,新竹市,服務
*給你留了一則留言*
  
 
時間:2011-07-21 00:16
他, 39歲,新竹市,其他
*給你留了一則留言*
  


給我們一個讚!